Ziziphus mauritiana is a hardy tree that copes with extreme temperatures and thrives under rather dry conditions with an annual rainfall of 6 to 88.5 in (15–225 cm). There is a single, hard, oval or oblate, rough central stone which contains 2 elliptic, brown seeds, 1/4 in (6mm) long. At first the aroma is apple like and pleasant but it becomes peculiarly musky when overripe. Fully ripe fruits are less crisp and somewhat mealy overripe fruits are wrinkled, the flesh buff-coloured, soft, spongy and musky. When under ripe the flesh is white and crispy, acid to subacid to sweet in taste. Both flesh texture and taste are reminiscent of apples. The ripe fruit is sweet and sour in taste. The fully mature fruit is entirely red, soft, juicy with wrinkled skin and has a pleasant aroma. Fruits are first green, turning yellow as they ripen. The fruit ripen at different times even on a single tree. The form may be oval, obovate, round or oblong the skin smooth or rough, glossy, thin but tough. The fruit is a soft, juicy, drupe that is 2.5 cm diameter, though in some cultivars the fruit size may reach up to 6.25 cm long and 4.5 cm wide. This quick growing tree starts producing fruits within three years. Flowers are white or greenish white and the fruits are orange to brown, 2–3 cm long, with edible white pulp surrounding a 2-locular pyrene. The flowers are tiny, yellow, 5-petalled and are usually in twos and threes in the leaf axils. mauritiana may be evergreen or deciduous. Depending on the climate, the foliage of the Z. It is dark-green and glossy on the upper side and pubescent and pale-green to grey-green on the lower side. The leaves are about 2.5 to 3.2 cm long and 1.8 to 3.8 cm wide having fine tooth at margin. The leaves are alternate, ovate or oblong elliptic with rounded apex, with 3 depressed longitudinal veins at the base. mauritiana may be erect or wide-spreading, with gracefully drooping thorny branches, zigzag branchlets, thornless or set with short, sharp straight or hooked spines. The species varies widely in height, from a bushy shrub 1.5 to 2 m tall, to a tree 10 to 12 m tall with a trunk diameter of about 30 cm. Ziziphus mauritiana is a medium-sized tree that grows vigorously and has a rapidly developing taproot, a necessary adaptation to drought conditions. †Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. It is a fast-growing tree with a medium lifespan, that can quickly reach up to 10–40 ft (3 to 12 m) tall. It can form dense stands and become invasive in some areas, including Fiji and Australia and has become a serious environmental weed in Northern Australia. It is now widely naturalised throughout the Old World tropics from Southern Africa through the Middle East to the Indian Subcontinent and China, Indomalaya, and into Australasia and the Pacific Islands. The species is believed to have originated in Indo-Malaysian region of South-East Asia. The fruit's skin is smooth, glossy, thin but tight. When slightly underipe, this fruit is a bit juicy and has a pleasant aroma. It can be oval, obovate, oblong or round, and can be 1-2.5 in (2.5-6.25 cm) long, depending on the variety. Ziziphus mauritiana is a spiny, evergreen shrub or small tree up to 15 m high, with trunk 40 cm or more in diameter spreading crown stipular spines and many drooping branches. It is often confused with the closely related Chinese jujube ( Z. Ziziphus mauritiana, also known as Indian jujube, Indian plum, Chinese date, Chinese apple, ber, and dunks is a tropical fruit tree species belonging to the family Rhamnaceae.
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